Egg hunt: Amniotic cells offer fertile find

Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology report that cells from the amniotic membrane part of the placenta normally discarded after a woman gives birth could one day be a source for human eggs. 

The discovery was published online recently in Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology.

Amniotic membrane cells—originated about eight days after conception—preserve the plasticity of an embryo’s cells before they differentiate.

The Technion researchers found these cells also have the ability to differentiate into ones that express the properties of the germ cells that produce ova. (Germ cells are biological cells that give rise to the cells that fuse with another during conception.)

Professor Eliezer Shalev, head of the Technion Faculty of Medicine and a leading obstetrician/gynecologist at the Emek Medical Center in Afula, worked on the discovery with doctoral student Ayelet Evron and Dr. Shulamit Goldman.

“Germ cell development has been difficult to study in humans because important early events occur after implantation,” said Shalev, who added that the study of germ cell development in humans is especially challenging because ethical issues can be involved.

What is known is that these germ cells remain undifferentiated until a female reaches sexual development (i.e., starts menstrating). In order to turn into ova, the cells need the proteins or hormones that surround the ovary in adolescent girls.

The researchers are now at work to replicate the conditions present in adolescents. Their goal will be to produce human eggs by adding proteins or hormones to the differentiated amniotic cells.

“It is too early to know when this will be achieved, but we have discovered the principle,” said Shalev.

“When it is done successfully, women who do not produce healthy ova—or any at all—could use them to become pregnant,” he continued. 

“These ova would probably be used mostly for women who have entered premature menopause.”